2025

Some Martian mounds (Image ESA/ TGO/ CaSSIS)

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An article published in the journal “Nature Geoscience” reports a study on the mounds in Mawrth Vallis, a valley on the planet Mars considered very interesting for the traces of the ancient presence of liquid water. A team of researchers from the Open University and the Natural History Museum in London used data collected by various space probes to perform geomorphological and spectroscopic analyses of the mounds. Their conclusions are that they’re the remains that were formed by erosion by the retreat of the plateau in the Noachian period, between 4.1 and 3.7 billion years ago. For this reason, they believe that they constitute a sort of stratigraphic record of the changes in the presence of water in Mawrth Vallis.

The Andromeda Galaxy

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A new image of the Andromeda Galaxy has been created by combining images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope from about 600 separate fields of view. It took two observing programs over a total of more than a decade and a thousand Hubble orbits to achieve this result. The new mosaic includes more than two hundred million individual stars in the Andromeda Galaxy, a minority made up of the stars that are more massive and bright than the Sun. Hubble’s observations provide a wealth of information about these stars that helps us better understand Andromeda’s history.

Super Heavy Booster 14 and Starship 33 at liftoff (Image courtesy SpaceX)

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It was the afternoon in the USA when SpaceX conducted a new flight test of its Super Heavy rocket and Starship prototypes, launched from its base in Boca Chica, Texas. This is the 7th test involving the entire system of Elon Musk’s company which is supposed to revolutionize space travel with an unprecedented transport capacity and being totally reusable. They are advanced prototypes with the Super Heavy identified as Booster 14 and the Starship Block 2 identified as Starship 33 or Ship33 or simply S33.

The New Glenn rocket blasting off in its NG-1 mission (Image courtesy Blue Origin)

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A little while ago, Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket was launched on its maiden mission, called NG-1. For the occasion, it was carrying a prototype of the Blue Ring, a space platform that has the purpose of carrying payloads to be put into orbit, also under development by Blue Origin. The second stage worked correctly and the Blue Ring separated reaching the planned orbit. The secondary objective was to land the first stage, which didn’t succeed.

ispace's Hakuto-R2 Resilience and Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost Moon landers blasting off atop a Falcon 9 rocket (Image courtesy SpaceX)

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A little while ago, ispace’s Hakuto-R2 Resilience and Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Moon landers blasted off atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral. After about 1 hour and 5 minutes, Blue Ghost successfully separated from the rocket’s upper stage, and about 27 minutes later, Resilience separated as well. The two landers will travel on very different routes to attempt to land on the Moon a few months apart. This is ispace’s second mission, after the first failed on April 25, 2023.