Astronomy / Astrophysics

The Australe Scopuli region on Mars (Image ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO))

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ESA has published reprocessed images of the Australe Scopuli region of Mars captured by its Mars Express space probe’s High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC). The area is covered in what appears to be snow but is actually carbon dioxide ice and dust. Despite the differences, the view is reminiscent of a Christmas landscape, especially the kind common at altitudes where it normally snows on Earth. It’s still a significant day because, on December 25, 2003, Mars Express entered Mars’ orbit.

Artist's concept of the most distant blazar (Image U.S. National Science Foundation/NSF National Radio Astronomy Observatory, B. Saxton)

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Two articles – one published in the journal “Nature Astronomy” and one in “The Astrophysical Journal Letters” – report different aspects of a study of the blazar cataloged as VLASS J041009.05−013919.88, or simply J0410−0139, the most distant found so far. Two teams of researchers used several space and ground-based telescopes and some radio telescopes to obtain detections in various electromagnetic bands.

The NGC 346 cluster with 10 circled stars surrounded by protoplanetary disks (Image NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, O. C. Jones (UK ATC), G. De Marchi (ESTEC), M. Meixner (USRA))

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An article published in “The Astrophysical Journal” reports the results of the study of a group of protoplanetary disks with an age of up to 30 million years, even 10 times older than current models of planet formation predict. A team led by Guido De Marchi of ESA’s European Space Research and Technology Centre used observations conducted with the James Webb space telescope of the cluster NGC 346, in the Small Magellanic Cloud. That region is characterized by a limited amount of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, just like the early universe. This study confirms that in those conditions, protoplanetary disks can last much longer than astronomers thought.

On the left the galaxy cluster MACS J1423.8 + 2404 with a zoom of the area in which the Firefly Sparkle galaxy and its companions are located

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An article published in the journal “Nature” reports the results of the study of a primordial galaxy that has characteristics similar to those attributed to the Milky Way shortly after its formation. A team of researchers led by Lamiya Mowla of Wellesley College in Massachusetts nicknamed it Firefly Sparkle after observing it using the James Webb Space Telescope and with the help of a gravitational lens within the Canadian Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS) with the NIRCam and NIRSpec instruments. The observations also included two companions, two galaxies that appear to be gravitationally bound to Firefly Sparkle.

The center of the Centaurus galaxy A and the source C4 (Image NASA/CXC/SAO/D. Bogensberger et al.; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/N. Wolk)

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An article published in the journal “The Astrophysical Journal” reports the results of X-ray observations of the jets emitted by the supermassive black hole at the center of the Centaurus A galaxy. A team of researchers used NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory to find a V-shaped structure that indicates that one of the jets hit something whose nature is uncertain. Only Chandra’s X-ray observations revealed that unusual structure, cataloged as C4, while many other instruments, especially radio telescopes, had never shown such anomalies.