2020

The solar system's planets (Image WP)

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An article published in the journal “Icarus” reports a study on the solar system’s structure that offers a reconstruction of its origins. A team of researchers led by Matt Clement of the Carnegie Institution conducted over 6,000 simulations of the solar system’s evolution that led to the conclusion that Jupiter used to make three revolutions around the Sun in the time it took Saturn to make two revolutions when the two planets had just formed. The results also indicate that there was another planet between Saturn and Uranus that was ejected from the solar system, a conclusion that supports a hypothesis that has been studied for years.

Artist's concept of a magnetar and its magnetic field (Image courtesy McGill University Graphic Design Team)

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Four articles published in the journal “Nature” report as many studies connected to a fast radio burst cataloged as FRB 200428, whose origin has been associated with a magnetar cataloged as SGR 1935+2154. The CHIME/FRB collaboration reported the observations conducted with the CHIME radio telescope, the second team of researchers reported the observations conducted with the STARE2 radio telescope, the third team reported the observations conducted with the FAST radio telescope, Bing Zhang of the University of Nevada, USA, published an article on the physical mechanisms of fast radio bursts.

Artistic representation of Barnard's Star with a rocky planet hit by a flare with an X-ray component

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An article published in “The Astronomical Journal” reports a study on the potential impact of the activity of a red dwarf several billion years old such as Barnard’s Star on the potential habitability of its planets. A team of researchers used data collected by NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope to keep an eye on Barnard’s Star and its flares observing one X-ray flare in June 2019 and two ultraviolet flares in March 2019. Basically, even if a red dwarf becomes quieter over time, its flares can still erode the atmosphere of a rocky planet.

Two dusty galaxies detected by ALMA (Image B. Saxton NRAO/AUI/NSF, ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), ALPINE team)

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Eight articles published in the journal “Astronomy & Astrophysics” report as many studies connected to the ALPINE (ALMA Large Program to Investigate C+ at Early Times) project, conducted using the ALMA radio telescope in 70 hours of far infrared observations of 118 galaxies in the early universe. The researchers who conducted the various studies discovered among other things galaxies that are more mature than primordial, in the sense that they contain a significant amount of dust and metals, a situation found in galaxies where many stars were already produced and exploded into supernovae. This is a confirmation that the first cases of galaxies that were already mature when the universe was still young were not isolated.

The crater triplet in Noachis Terra (Image ESA/DLR/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

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ESA has published photos taken by its Mars Express space probe’s High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of a crater triplet in the Noachis Terra region on planet Mars. That region gave its name to the Noachian era in which, between about 3.7 and 4.1 billion years ago, the red planet was hit by a particularly large number of meteorites, and Noachis Terra is full of craters still existing. A crater triplet with an overlap indicating three very close impacts is interesting not only as a curiosity but also for the geological history it can tell together with others from the same region.