Astronomy / Astrophysics

Blogs about Astronomy and Astrophysics

Artist's concept of the zone called ENDTRANZ, colored in red, part of a forming star system

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An article published in “The Astrophysical Journal” reports the results of a study that has identified an important part of the planetary formation process. A team of researchers led by Indrani Das of the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA) has discovered a transition zone where gas becomes a part of a planet-forming disk using the ALMA radio telescope. This zone was called ENDTRANZ (Envelope Disk Transition Zone) and was located around the protostar L1527 IRS.

An artist's concept comparing the semi-heavy water content of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS to that of Earth. The insets show the relative abundance of water containing deuterium instead of normal hydrogen

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An article published in the journal “Nature Astronomy” reports the results of a study on the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, which indicate that it formed in a much colder environment than the solar system. This conclusion was reached by a team of researchers led by Luis E. Salazar Manzano, a Ph.D. student at the University of Michigan, using observations conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) radio telescope. Specifically, the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) revealed a ratio of so-called semi-heavy water to ordinary water at least 30 times higher than that found in solar system comets and over 40 times higher than that found in Earth’s oceans. Such an enrichment of water with so many deuterium atoms can only occur in very cold environments, around 30 Kelvin.

The samples collected by the Hayabusa 2 space probe on two different occasions from the first and second selected sites on asteroid Ryugu.

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An article published in the journal “Nature Astronomy” reports the discovery of the five nucleobases that form DNA and RNA—adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil—in samples brought back to Earth from asteroid Ryugu. A team of researchers analyzed two of the samples taken by JAXA’s Hayabusa 2 space probe during its mission. The five nucleobases were found in both samples. Just over a year ago, the detection of the five nucleobases in samples brought back from the asteroid Bennu by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx space probe was announced. This provides further confirmation of the presence of life’s building blocks on asteroids, and it’s possible that they seeded the primordial Earth.

A 3D map of the local universe with the various galaxy superclusters. On the left is the Vela Supercluster

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An article submitted for publication in the journal “Astronomy & Astrophysics” reports the results of an astronomical study that used a hybrid technique to examine the Vela Supercluster. A team of researchers combined redshifts with the distances and peculiar velocities of galaxies within the Vela Supercluster to obtain a complete portrait of it, a result that was previously impossible due to its location, hidden by the Milky Way’s so-called zone of avoidance.

Key information was obtained using the SALT optical telescope and the MeerKAT radio telescope, both in South Africa. Given the importance of this nation in this research, the authors used the nickname Vela-Banzi, adding a term in Xhosa, a Bantu language, which means “revealing widely.”

On the left, a combination of photos of the planetary nebula NGC 6543 obtained by the Euclid and Hubble space telescopes with a detail from a photo obtained by Hubble on the right.

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The planetary nebula NGC 6543, also known with the nickname Cat’s Eye, is the protagonist of the Hubble Space Telescope’s photo of the month. However, for this occasion, a juxtaposition was created between an image captured by Hubble and one captured by ESA’s Euclid Space Telescope. These two instruments can both capture wavelengths in the near-infrared and visible light, but Euclid specializes in deep-field surveys. For this reason, it portrayed NGC 6543 as part of a large region of space. The combination of the two telescopes offers greater detail on a planetary nebula that has been studied for over two centuries.