Astronomy / Astrophysics

Blogs about Astronomy and Astrophysics

A 3D map of the local universe with the various galaxy superclusters. On the left is the Vela Supercluster

An article submitted for publication in the journal “Astronomy & Astrophysics” reports the results of an astronomical study that used a hybrid technique to examine the Vela Supercluster. A team of researchers combined redshifts with the distances and peculiar velocities of galaxies within the Vela Supercluster to obtain a complete portrait of it, a result that was previously impossible due to its location, hidden by the Milky Way’s so-called zone of avoidance.

Key information was obtained using the SALT optical telescope and the MeerKAT radio telescope, both in South Africa. Given the importance of this nation in this research, the authors used the nickname Vela-Banzi, adding a term in Xhosa, a Bantu language, which means “revealing widely.”

On the left, a combination of photos of the planetary nebula NGC 6543 obtained by the Euclid and Hubble space telescopes with a detail from a photo obtained by Hubble on the right.

The planetary nebula NGC 6543, also known with the nickname Cat’s Eye, is the protagonist of the Hubble Space Telescope’s photo of the month. However, for this occasion, a juxtaposition was created between an image captured by Hubble and one captured by ESA’s Euclid Space Telescope. These two instruments can both capture wavelengths in the near-infrared and visible light, but Euclid specializes in deep-field surveys. For this reason, it portrayed NGC 6543 as part of a large region of space. The combination of the two telescopes offers greater detail on a planetary nebula that has been studied for over two centuries.

An illustration of the emission detected from the galaxy HATLAS J142935.3–002836

An article accepted for publication in the journal “Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters” reports the detection of a megamaser generated by HATLAS J142935.3–002836, a galaxy undergoing considerable activity due to a galaxy merger that also led to an intense star formation. A team of researchers led by the University of Pretoria, South Africa, used the MeerKAT radio telescope to detect the maser emissions. The strength of its emissions is so high that the researchers called it a gigamaser, but certain detections are only possible thanks to a gravitational lensing phenomenon. This still makes it the brightest and most distant astronomical maser known.

The galaxy MoM-z14 photographed by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) instrument with an image from the so-called COSMOS Legacy Field in the background.

An article accepted for publication in the “Open Journal of Astrophysics” reports evidence that the galaxy MoM-z14 is the most distant known so far. A team of researchers led by the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) used the James Webb Space Telescope as part of the “Mirage or Miracle” (MoM) survey, in which the NIRSpec instrument was used to verify the nature of very bright and potentially very distant galaxies observed in images captured by the NIRCam instrument. The results confirm that we see MoM-z14 as it was about 280 million years after the Big Bang, confirming again that highly active galaxies existed at that time.

A graph with the conservative habitable zone illustrated by the orange band and ellipses illustrating the extended habitable zone proposed by this study

An article published in “The Astrophysical Journal” reports the results of a study on the habitable zone that goes beyond the so-called conservative zone because it’s based on rigid assumptions. Astrophysicist Amri Wandel of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem focused on examining the conditions existing in systems of low-mass stars: orange dwarfs (K-class stars) and red dwarfs (M-class stars). The study specifically considered planets tidally locked to their stars.

Amri Wandel conducted an analysis using climate models that account for global heat transport, the greenhouse effect, and albedo. This led him to conclude that these stars may host planets potentially habitable for Earth-like life forms orbiting outside the conservative habitable zone.