Telescopes

An artist's impression of the UPM J1040−3551 AabBab system

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An article published in the journal “Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society” (MNRAS) reports the discovery of a rare hierarchical quadruple system, which was cataloged as UPM J1040−3551 AabBab. A team of researchers used observations conducted with ESA’s Gaia space probe and NASA’s WISE space telescope, followed by spectroscopic detection and analysis, to identify this quartet consisting of a pair of red dwarfs and a pair of brown dwarfs. This relatively young system may offer new information, especially about brown dwarfs, objects halfway between planets and stars.

The Alpha Centauri system as seen by the James Webb Space Telescope on the left, a zoom of the two main stars in the center, and a further zoom on the right indicating the exoplanet candidate designated as S1.

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Two articles accepted for publication in “The Astrophysical Journal Letters” report different aspects of the study that led to the possible discovery of a gas giant planet orbiting the star Alpha Centauri A. Astronomers used observations with the James Webb Space Telescope’s MIRI instrument to identify a light source whose characteristics make it a candidate exoplanet. The information gathered suggests it may be a gas planet similar in size to Jupiter, although its mass could be close to Saturn’s. If confirmed, it would be the closest exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star in its system’s habitable zone.

The fading light of supernova SN 2025kg, followed by the fast X-ray transient EP 250108a, as seen by the Gemini North and South telescopes

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Two articles accepted for publication in “The Astrophysical Journal Letters” report different aspects of the study of supernova SN 2025kg, which generated a so-called fast X-ray transient, a little-known event that in this case was cataloged as EP 250108a. This type of event has now been described as a sort of stifled-at-birth version of a gamma-ray burst.

Two teams of researchers with several members in common used data collected by two instruments on the Einstein Probe space telescope and other instruments to analyze the emissions from this supernova. This allowed them to propose an explanation for the fast X-ray transients (FXTs) and how they differ from gamma-ray bursts.

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS

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Several scientific organizations have announced the detection of what appears to be an interstellar comet, which has consequently received the designation 3I/ATLAS. It could be a large comet, with an estimated width of around 20 kilometers, but the first estimates of the size of its nucleus are still very rough. Its trajectory will take it within the orbit of Mars, but, together with its considerable speed, it will only lead to a limited direction change by the Sun’s gravity. Unfortunately, it will never get close enough to Earth to allow detailed observations, but any interstellar object is very interesting for astronomers. This is the third officially recognized “visitor” after 1I/ʻOumuamua in 2017 and 2I/Borisov in 2019.

ASKAP J1832-0911 (in the circle) (Image X-ray: NASA/CXC/ICRAR, Curtin Univ., Z. Wang et al.; Infrared: NASA/JPL/CalTech/IPAC; Radio: SARAO/MeerKAT; Image processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/N. Wolk)

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An article published in the journal “Nature” reports a study on ASKAP J1832-0911, or simply ASKAP J1832, an object whose nature is still uncertain. A team of researchers combined data collected by different instruments, including NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and the ASKAP radio telescope, to detect the emissions coming from this object. This allowed them to reveal anomalies with respect to the categories considered to try to identify it.

The radio emissions led to cataloging it as a long-period radio transient, but ASKAP J1832 has variable emissions of the same duration in X-rays as well. An object with that type of emissions has never been found before, so it arouses a lot of curiosity. It could be a magnetar or a white dwarf with a companion star, but its behavior remains strange, so the investigations will continue.