Cosmology

Deep field image (Image Dark Energy Survey/DOE/FNAL/DECam/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA Acknowledgments: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF’s NOIRLab), M. Zamani (NSF’s NOIRLab) & D. de Martin (NSF’s NOIRLab))

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29 articles report various aspects of the results of a major cosmological research on the largest sample of galaxies – 226 million of them – ever observed to produce the most accurate measurements of the composition and growth of the universe. More than 400 scientists from the DES (Dark Energy Survey) Collaboration used images captured by the Dark Energy Camera in the first three years of the program, which started in 2013, to obtain results. The goal is to improve our knowledge of the universe, in particular, the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

The likely galaxies where the origins of fast radio bursts cataloged as FRB 190714 (top) and FRB 180924 (bottom) was located

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An article to be published in “The Astrophysical Journal” reports the location of the origin of eight fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected between 2017 and 2020. A team of researchers coordinated by the University of California at Santa Cruz used the Hubble Space Telescope to accomplish this task by applying a method already used to pinpoint the origin of other cosmic phenomena such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. This result offers new information on an extremely energetic phenomenon such as fast radio bursts, which emit an amount of energy in a millisecond comparable to the amount the Sun emits in a year. The results of this study are compatible with the theory that links them to magnetars.

Schematical representation of the expansion of the Universe over the course of its history (Image courtesy NAOJ)

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An article published in “The Astrophysical Journal” reports a calculation of the expansion velocity of the universe based on type Ia supernovae. A team of researchers led by Professor Maria Giovanna Dainotti used a sample of 1048 supernovae that have very different distances from Earth, dividing them into groups based on their distance. The values ​​obtained are decreasing starting from the nearest supernovae, and those obtained using the most distant supernovae approach the value based on the cosmic microwave background radiation.

The 118 galaxy clusters of the CHEX-MATE program

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An article published in the journal “Astronomy & Astrophysics” reports an overview of the CHEX-MATE (Cluster HEritage project with XMM-Newton – Mass Assembly and Thermodynamics at the Endpoint of structure formation) program’s work, which includes a study of a sample of 118 galaxy clusters carefully selected. The CHEX-MATE Collaboration observed those galaxy clusters with ESA’s XMM-Newton space telescope in a survey lasting a total of 3 million seconds.

A NASA diagram of the PWS instrument's location and the antenna in common with the PRA instrument

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An article published in the journal “Nature Astronomy” reports a study on the faint interstellar plasma waves detected by NASA’s Voyager 1 space probe. A team of researchers led by Stella Koch Ocker of Cornell University used a series of detections conducted by Voyager 1 while traveling a total distance that is about ten times the average distance of the Earth from the Sun which gives an idea of ​​the characteristics of the interstellar plasma when it’s not altered by events related to solar activity.