Astronomy / Astrophysics

The galaxy NGC 4414 (Image University of Oregon)

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An article published in “The Astronomical Journal” reports a calculation of the universe expansion rate based on the so-called Tully-Fisher relation, an empirical relationship between the intrinsic brightness of a spiral galaxy and its asymptotic rotation velocity. Professor James Schombert, Stacy McGaugh, and Federico Lelli used the accurate distances of 50 galaxies as a guide to measure the distances of 95 other galaxies and then use those measurements to obtain a measure of the so-called Hubble Constant which has a peak of probability at 75.1 kilometers per second per megaparsec. This measure is very different from those obtained with other methods and, as a consequence, indicates that the universe is approximately 12.6 billion years old compared to approximately 13.8 billion obtained from other research.

IIE iron meteorite sample (Photo courtesy Carl Agee, Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico)

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An article published in the journal “Science Advances” reports the results of sophisticated analyzes indicating that IIE iron meteorites are fragments of a planetesimal that had a differentiated structure. A team of researchers conducted various types of tests that gave these results about meteorites called achondrites, composed of materials that were subjected to melting, differentiation, and crystallization. The difference compared to chondrites, meteorites composed of undifferentiated materials, shows that the objects they come from formed and evolved in different ways in space and time.

Tianwen-1 blasting off atop a Long March 5 rocket (Photo courtesy Xinhua/Cai Yang)

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A few hours ago the Chinese mission Tianwen-1 blasted off atop a Long March 5 rocket from the Wenchang center in China. About 36 minutes after the launch, the spacecraft regularly separated from the rocket’s last stage and entered the trajectory that is scheduled to bring it into the planet Mars’ orbit in February 2021. There, a lander and a rover will separate from the space probe that will remain in orbit and will land on the red planet.

3D rendition of coronae on Venus (Image courtesy Laurent Montési / University of Maryland)

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An article published in the journal “Nature Geoscience” reports the identification of 37 volcanoes that were active recently on the planet Venus. A team of researchers used models of thermo-mechanical activity under the surface of Venus to create 3D simulations of the formation of ring structures known as coronae that form when plumes of hot materials within the planet rise through the layers of the mantle and crust. This study offers what the authors claim is the best evidence ever found that Venus is still a geologically active planet.

The Hope space probe blasting off atop an H-IIA rocket (Image courtesy MHI / JAXA)

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A few hours ago the Arab space probe Hope, or Al Amal, was launched atop an H-IIA rocket from the Tanegashima space center in Japan. About an hour after the launch, Hope regularly separated from the rocket’s last stage and went on the route that is scheduled to take it to the planet Mars’ orbit in February 2021. The communication of the solar panel deployment had a few minutes of delay, and that caused concern at the mission control center at the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre, but in the end, everything went well.