Planets

The 15 protoplanetary disks photographed by the VLTI

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An article published in the journal “Astronomy & Astrophysics” reports the first case of high-resolution infrared observations of the internal areas of 15 protoplanetary disks performed by combining the four telescopes of the ESO VLT interferometer in Chile. A team of researchers led by Jacques Kluska of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium used the PIONIER instrument to achieve this result, which also shows traces of planetary formation. This type of observation offers new information on this process.

Artist's concept of the exoplanet Kepler-1649c and its star (Image NASA/Ames Research Center/Daniel Rutter)

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An article published in “The Astrophysical Journal Letters” reports the discovery of the exoplanet Kepler-1649c, which has a size very similar to the Earth’s and orbits in ​​its system’s habitable zone. A team of researchers led by Andrew Vanderburg of the University of Texas, Austin, reanalyzed data collected by NASA’s Kepler space telescope and subsequently analyzed using software written for that task. Initially, only one exoplanet was confirmed in that system while another candidate was discarded. A human verification led to the confirmation of the planet that was cataloged as Kepler-1649c. The two planets’ orbital characteristics suggest the possibility that a third one exists, even if for now the researchers haven’t been able to find any traces of it.

Illustration of brown dwarf and Jupiter

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An article published in the journal “Science” reports the first measurement of the winds blowing in the atmosphere of the brown dwarf cataloged as 2MASS J10475385+2124234. A team of researchers led by Katelyn Allers of Bucknell University combined observations conducted with the Very Large Array (VLA) and NASA’s Spitzer space telescope to achieve this result. The method was already used for planets like Jupiter, so the news is its extension to a brown dwarf, and could also concern gaseous exoplanets.

The star LHS 1815

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An article published in “The Astronomical Journal” reports the discovery of the exoplanet LHS 1815b thanks to NASA’s TESS space telescope. A team of researchers led by Tianjun Gan of Tsinghua University in Beijing, China, confirmed the existence of that planet using various ground-based photometric, spectroscopic and photographic instruments. The conclusion is that its size is slightly higher than the Earth’s, but it’s much denser for a mass up to 8.7 times the Earth’s. The most unique feature is that it’s the first exoplanet discovered in the Milky Way’s so-called thick disk, one of the structures that make up about two thirds of disk galaxies.

Uranus seen by Voyager 2 (Image NASA/JPL-Caltech)

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An article published in the journal “Geophysical Research Letters” reports the discovery of a plasmoid, a structure composed of plasma formed mainly of hydrogen in the midst of magnetic fields, in the magnetotail – the magnetosphere’s tail – of the planet Uranus that was moving away from it. The plasmoid’s formation isn’t a new event because Gina DiBraccio and Daniel J. Gershman of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center examined the observations made by the Voyager 2 space probe during the its Uranus flyby on January 24, 1986. It’s the first plasmoid discovered in the Uranus’ atmosphere and could be a crucial mechanism for its loss of atmosphere.